European law. 1. The law of the European Union. 2. More broadly, the law of the European Union, together with the conventions of the Council of Europe, including the European Convention on Human Rights. 3. More broadly still, all the law current in Europe, including the law of European organizations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, […]
International Federation for European Law 欧洲法国际联合会 成立于1961年，旨在通过协调欧共体〔European Community〕各成员国有关社团的活动和组织学术讨论会的方式促进对欧洲法的研究。
International Federation for European Law Read More »
European Law 欧洲法 自公元4世纪罗马帝国行将崩溃开始，欧洲作为一个文化区域而存在的特征逐渐明显。随着共同的社会、宗教、精神与文化生活的不断发展，伴随大量而又不同的政治实体的出现，千差万别的宪法与法律制度、法律机构、概念、原则亦同时存在和发展，尽管各种发展了的国内法与地方法之间存在巨大差别，但亦有一些使欧洲各种法律体系能够相通的因素。如罗马法和教会法在西方都留有深厚的根基。同时，文艺复兴、宗教改革、罗马法的继受以及启蒙运动、自然法思想的兴起、法典化运动等都影响了差不多整个欧洲。从大约15世纪起，欧洲逐渐明显地分为不同的民族国家，各自发展其自身的政治、法律和法院。这是一种分化的过程。法国、德国、意大利在这一过程中，其国家统一及法律的法典化都得到了不同程度的发展。在欧洲法的发展中，英格兰以及爱尔兰和威尔士不在其中，它们很早就发展了独特的法律体系，几乎不受罗马法或教会法的影响，同样，斯堪的那维亚国家在某种程度上也是自行发展其法律。在现代，多种力量，尤其是欧洲共同体的发展促进了欧洲法的统一。甚至「欧洲法」一词有时就被用来指欧洲共同体法。
European Community law 欧共体法 由创设欧洲的三个共同体的条约文件，以及其后共同体各个下属机构发展出来的一套范围广泛的法律规范等组成的总体。与成员国法律相比，欧共体法实际上为司法指令〔legal orders〕，其法律渊源主要为：１创设三个共同体的条约及其附文〔annexes〕、议定书〔protocols〕；建立单一的理事会〔Council〕和委员会〔Commission〕等条约文件。２欧共体各机构的规章、指令、裁决等。３欧共体法院的判决。４成员国对于欧共体事务的立法与判决等。欧共体法在各成员国内具法律效力，并在与成员国法冲突时处于优越地位。
European Community law Read More »
Lawless case 劳利斯案 1960年欧洲人权法院〔European Court of Human Rights〕裁决的第一个案件，它确认了国际法庭有审理个人对其政府侵犯人权的控告的权力。劳利斯据称是爱尔兰共和军成员，未经审判即被爱尔兰政府拘留。尽管最终劳利斯败诉，但此案的重要性在于一个公民对其政府提出的控告得以在法庭中公开审理，而爱尔兰政府也承认国际法庭对该案有裁决权。
European Copyright Directive. An official instruction of the European Union designed to promote uniformity in certain aspects of copyright law and related rights, esp. on the Internet. • Officially titled Directive 2001/29 on the Harmonisation of Certain Aspects of Copyright and Related Rights in the Information Society, this is the European Union equivalent of the
european copyright directive Read More »
decalvatio (dee-kal-vay-shee-oh). Hist. The act of cutting off a person’s hair to symbolize a total loss of honor. • Although some early legal historians interpreted this Germanic practice as scalping, a leading historian of the early 20th century insisted that it referred only to the cutting of hair. See Munroe Smith, The Development of European
leges barbarorum (lee-jeez bahr-b[schwa]-ror-[schwa]m). [Latin “laws of the barbarians”] Hist. The customary laws of medieval European law; esp., the customary laws of Germanic tribes during the Middle Ages. • These include the lex romana Visigothorum, the lex Burgundionum, and the lex Salica. — Also termed folk laws. See SALIC LAW. “Many of the conquering Germanic
Breviarium Alaricianum (bree-vee-air-ee-[schwa]m al-[schwa]-ri-kay-n[ schwa]m). [Latin] An abridgment (or breviary) of Roman law compiled by order of the Visigoth king Alaric II, published for the use of his Roman subjects in the year 506. • Revised versions were known as the Lex Romana Visigothorum. It was also termed the Breviarium Aniani after Alaric’s chancellor, Anian,
breviarium alaricianum Read More »